New Delhi. Gurugram-based ‘high-frequency trading’ (HFT) company Graviton Research has emerged as one of the most influential players in the intraday cash market of the stock market. According to a report by Moneycontrol, analysis of NSE data revealed that Graviton made at least 1,900 intraday trades in the year 2025, whose total value was around ₹1.6 lakh crore. This figure is much larger than that of any normal trading firm. This data is only for those bulk deals which are publicly available, because according to the rules of the stock market, it is not necessary to make the information of every small and big deal public. In such a situation, it is believed that the actual trading volume of the company may be much higher than these figures. While 90 percent of F&O retail investors suffer losses, Graviton made profits on 90 percent of its total deals.
According to stock exchange rules, when more than 0.5 percent of the total shares of a listed company are bought or sold in a single trading session, it is called a bulk deal. These figures of Graviton are based on these big deals. According to Moneycontrol analysis, the average size of each trade made by Graviton was around ₹85 crore. Not only this, out of 1,900 trades, there were 458 deals, each of which was valued at more than ₹100 crore. The special thing is that more than 12,000 big foreign funds and thousands of rich proprietary traders are active in the Indian stock market. Despite such a large ecosystem, Graviton’s stake is surprising.
The company was established in 2014
Graviton was founded in 2014 by two IIT-educated engineers, Ankit Gupta and Nishil Gupta. It is a privately funded research trading firm. The company describes itself as a “proprietary quantitative trading firm”. This means that this company does not invest the money of any customer or public, but does trading with its own money (capital).
Last year in October, the Income Tax Department had raided the offices of Graviton. Apart from this, market regulator SEBI is also alert. Moneycontrol had reported in a report on September 9 that Graviton is among the 10 big traders who are being investigated by SEBI. The name of a famous American trading firm ‘Jane Street’ was also in this list. However, SEBI has not yet started any formal investigation. At the same time, the company says that it completely follows all the rules and laws of the country.
Graviton alone did 10% deals of NSE
About 17,500 bulk deals were registered in NSE throughout the year. More than 10% of these deals were from Graviton alone. If we look at it in terms of money, the total bulk deals on the exchange were worth ₹6.8 lakh crore, in which Graviton’s share was about 24%. That means, out of every big deal worth four rupees in the market, almost one rupee was of Graviton.
90% profit in trade
There is a general perception in the stock market that the risk of loss in trading is very high, but Graviton’s figures tell a different story. Data analysis has shown that the success rate of the company is very high. Out of the 458 big trades done by the company worth more than ₹100 crore, the company made profit in more than 90% of them. If we compare this with ordinary retail investors, the success rate of retail investors usually remains only between 30 to 50%.
However, the company’s ‘profit per trade’ has been quite low. The total profit of the company from these big trades was only ₹ 24 crore. Experts believe that the company works on very low margins but its volume is very high. Also, if the company is also active in the futures market (Futures and Options – F&O), then its actual profit may be much higher than these figures.
Focus on small and midcap stocks
The company’s focus has been mainly on mid-cap and small-cap stocks, while its presence in large-cap stocks has been limited. People associated with the market say that this strategy has mixed effects. On the one hand, large trades in small shares increase liquidity, while on the other hand it also increases volatility, which can increase costs for other investors.
How does one accurately predict market movements?
According to market sources, Graviton does not trade in a normal manner. This company uses advanced algorithms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. These modern technologies help in accurately predicting market movements, allowing the company to execute deals in milliseconds. However, it is not clear whether the company also trades clients’ money or not.
Connection of stock movements and graviton
The stocks that Graviton selects often see huge fluctuations. Data shows that the company mainly focuses on small and mid-cap stocks which are already volatile. But when Graviton trades in large quantities, this movement increases further. According to the data, on days when Graviton made large intraday trades, its share prices saw an average move (up or down) of 5.1%. Out of 458 big bulk deals, there were 160 cases where the share price went up or down by more than 10%.
For example, on March 11, Graviton transacted about 63 lakh shares of IndusInd Bank, the value of which was more than ₹400 crore. The company earned a profit of ₹ 15 lakh in this trade. Interestingly, on the same day, there were reports of some irregularities in the bank’s derivatives portfolio and the stock fell by 27%. On January 9, shares of Naveen Fluorine International rose 9.5%, when Graviton made a huge profit of ₹5.2 crore by trading in 3.8 lakh of its shares. On January 24, the company traded shares worth about ₹ 11 crore in Cyient. That day, following the news of the resignation of the company’s CEO, the stock fell 24%, leading to a loss of ₹9 crore for Graviton.
Highest bulk deal in these shares
Netweb Technologies was the stock in which Graviton showed the most interest. The company made intraday purchases at least 24 times during the year. Along with this, Aegis Logistics, CreditAccess Grameen and Jupiter Wagons are also included in the list of shares in which the company has repeatedly traded. At present, the company and its founders have not commented on these data and analysis and did not respond to emails sent till the time of publishing the news.
