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Mustard is the main oilseed crop of India, which farmers grow on a large scale in the Rabi season. Due to low cost, better production and good price of oil, it is considered a profitable deal for the farmers. However, changes in weather and outbreak of insect diseases significantly affect the production of mustard.
Mustard is the main oilseed crop of India, which farmers grow on a large scale in the Rabi season. Due to low cost, better production and good price of oil, it is considered a profitable deal for the farmers. However, changes in weather and outbreak of insect diseases significantly affect the production of mustard. In such a situation, timely identification of diseases and measures to control them are necessary.
Dr. Akhilesh Shah, agricultural scientist of Regional Research Center Chianki of Palamu district, said that this is the most common disease of mustard, in which brown-black spots are formed on the leaves and the leaves start drying up. In severe conditions the growth of the plant stops. To prevent this, the seeds should be treated with Carbendazim or Mancozeb before sowing. As soon as the disease appears, spraying Mancozeb 2-3 times at an interval of 10-12 days is effective.
He further said that in this disease a white fungus like layer is visible on the bottom of the leaf. Later this disease spreads to the stem and flowers, due to which the growth of grains stops. To control this, do not allow water to stagnate in the field and spray Metalexil + Mancozeb when the disease appears. It is better to remove diseased plants from the field.
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He further said that in this disease, circular black spots appear on leaves, stems and pods. This disease reduces production significantly. To avoid this, sow resistant varieties, treat the seeds with fungicide and spray chlorothalonil or mancozeb at the outbreak of the disease.
He said that in these diseases the roots of the plant become weak, the stem turns black and the plant suddenly dries up. To avoid this, mustard should be sown in well drained soil. It is beneficial to treat the seeds with Trichoderma or Carbendazim and spray copper oxychloride if necessary.
He further said that this disease appears as yellow spots on the top of the leaves and white fungus on the bottom. This disease spreads rapidly in cold and humid weather. To control it, plant trees at appropriate distance in the field, avoid excessive irrigation and destroy diseased leaves. Spraying of metalaxyl based medicine is effective.
He further said that it is possible to prevent most of the diseases by cleaning the fields, deep plowing and following the crop rotation. Timely weed control, use of balanced fertilizer and maintaining proper distance of plants is also necessary. Trichoderma and neem based products are useful as biological remedies.
Identification and timely control of diseases is necessary for good production of mustard. If farmers adopt seed treatment, proper irrigation, balanced fertilizers and regular monitoring, then the outbreak of diseases can be prevented to a great extent. This will not only increase production but farmers will also get better economic benefits.
